Alice: Madness returns - Quotes and references
Hello!
Following you'll find the video that I am analysing.
From the video it's evident how I chose the themes to analyse. This includes hallucinations, studies on how mentally ill people were treated in Victorian Age, etc.
The researching process ha been extremely interesting, and I am happy to share the coolest parts of what I found aroud, that won't probably be included in the essay.
The complete bibliography will be posted in the final post.
(...)
The brain is bombarded constantly by sensory impulses, but most of these are excluded from consciousness in a dynamically shifting, selective fashion. The exclusion seems to be accomplished through the exercise of integrative inner mechanisms that focus one’s awareness on selected parts of potential experience. (The sound of a ticking clock, for example, fades in and out of awareness.) Functioning simultaneously, these mechanisms survey information that is stored within the brain, select tiny samples needed to give adaptive significance to the incoming flow of information, and bring forth only a few items for actual recall from the brain’s extensive “memory banks.” "
ref: https://www.britannica.com/topic/hallucination
"Intrusive memories of hallucinations and delusions in traumatized intensive care patients: An interview study
This detailed interview study showed that patients suffered intrusive memories (emotionally
Important symptoms of PTSD include intrusive
Thematic analysis: Content of memories
Content of memories was analysed according to themes and subthemes that emerged
ref: http://content.ebscohost.com/ContentServer.asp?EbscoContent=dGJyMNLe80Sep684yNfsOLCmr1CeprNSs6a4SK%2BWxWXS&ContentCustomer=dGJyMPGrtky2prZQuePfgeyx9Yvf5ucA&T=P&P=AN&S=L&D=pbh&K=108540642
"A Comparison Between Genders The Victorian asylum was a very gender divided operation and the two sexes were split up. Generally, the men's division was treated better than the women's; in some asylums' cases, the women were permitted to sleep in stables attached to the facility in unsanitary conditions. Women were also understood to not be as mentally stable as men because it was believed that they contained a lesser mental capacity. Women were expected to maintain a passive, withdrawn housewife attitude as too much mental activity such as schooling would improve her chances of developing sanity imperfections. Other groups, such as spinsters and lesbians, were concerning to society because of their alternative life choices and were therefore labelled as mentally unstable and sometimes even a threat. The belief was that not enough male interaction would cause side effects bordering on insanity. Treatment for Schizophrenia During the Victorian era, there was little to no understanding at all about schizophrenia. Scientific theories on causes and cures for schizophrenia were surfacing as opposed to the 15th century beliefs on witchcraft and demon possession. Although people recognized schizophrenia as a curable disease, most of the theories were still inaccurate and much of the time caused harm to the patients instead of helping them. Some examples of the early ideas of schizophrenia treatment included: giving patients doses of insulin until they retreated into a state of shock. The patients were then given cups of sugary tea to revive them. Doctors would go about this procedure due to their hypothesis on schizophrenia being caused by high/low blood sugar."
(sally tan)
ref: https://prezi.com/r2bguokfl0u2/asylums-and-treatments-of-mental-illness-in-the-victorian-era/
"Doctors treating the mentally ill were not called psychiatrists but were known as alienists, based on the belief that the self had become alienated from itself.
The term mad-doctor was also used irreverently."
ref: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-27148737
See you later,
Eleonora
Following you'll find the video that I am analysing.
From the video it's evident how I chose the themes to analyse. This includes hallucinations, studies on how mentally ill people were treated in Victorian Age, etc.
The researching process ha been extremely interesting, and I am happy to share the coolest parts of what I found aroud, that won't probably be included in the essay.
The complete bibliography will be posted in the final post.
Hallucinations
"The nature of hallucinations
The general theory of hallucinations here delineated rests upon two fundamental assumptions. One assumption states that life experiences influence the brain in such a way as to leave, in the brain, enduring physical changes that have variously been called neural traces, templates, or engrams. Ideas and images are held to derive from the incorporation and activation of these engrams in complex circuits involving nerve cells. Such circuits in the cortex (outer layers) of the brain appear to subserve the neurophysiology of memory, thought, imagination, and fantasy. The emotions associated with these intellectual and perceptual functions seem to be mediated through cortex connections with the deeper parts of the brain (the limbic system or “visceral brain,” for example), thus permitting a dynamic interplay between perception and emotion through transactions that appear to take place largely at unconscious levels.(...)
The brain is bombarded constantly by sensory impulses, but most of these are excluded from consciousness in a dynamically shifting, selective fashion. The exclusion seems to be accomplished through the exercise of integrative inner mechanisms that focus one’s awareness on selected parts of potential experience. (The sound of a ticking clock, for example, fades in and out of awareness.) Functioning simultaneously, these mechanisms survey information that is stored within the brain, select tiny samples needed to give adaptive significance to the incoming flow of information, and bring forth only a few items for actual recall from the brain’s extensive “memory banks.” "
ref: https://www.britannica.com/topic/hallucination
Study on patients that were on intensive care and developed ptsd and hallucinations
What does this study add?
This detailed interview study showed that patients suffered intrusive memories (emotionally
arousing memories that repeatedly intrude into people’s minds) related to intensive care up to
8 months after leaving the intensive care unit (ICU).
The content of intrusive memories merged factual memories from the ICU, such as pain, bleeding
and choking, with hallucinatory, delusional memories such as persecution, conspiracy, religious
cults, zombies, aliens, trials and torture.
In this study, intrusive memories were more commonly of hallucinations and delusions experienced
in the ICU, rather than factual events from intensive care, suggesting a syndrome such as post-
psychosis PTSD.
Hallucinations and delusions, rather than factual events, were the most traumatizing aspects of
intensive care among this group of patients and may have led to the development of PTSDImportant symptoms of PTSD include intrusive
memories (emotionally arousing memories that repeatedly intrude into patients’
minds) and flashbacks (vivid reliving of trauma; Brewin, Gregory, Lipton, & Burgess,
2010).
However, it is not clear which aspects of intensive care are most traumatizing.
Suggested factors include fear of dying from a life-threatening illness, multiple invasive
medical procedures, potent psychoactive drugs, or hallucinations and delusions that are
commonly experienced in intensive care
We aimed to investigate the nature of the trauma that troubled patients most, by
conducting interviews with ICU survivors with significant PTSD symptoms about the
nature and content of intrusive memories of intensive care. Did intrusive memories reflect
real events that took place in intensive care, as in traditional PTSD, or were memories
about hallucinations and delusions, suggesting an unusual variant, known as post-
psychosis PTSD (Morrison, Frame, & Larkin, 2003)?Thematic analysis: Content of memories
Content of memories was analysed according to themes and subthemes that emerged
from thematic analysis and was agreed on during a rigorous process involving four raters.
After several stages ofanalysis, eight main themes were agreed
Summary of content and thematic analysis of memories, with illustrative quotations
Intrusive memories of hallucinations or delusions were predominant. The following
quotation from John’s interview (all names have been changed) was typical of an intrusive
memory of an extended persecutory delusion:
"They [the nurses] had to prepare so many patients for death
...
They turned you into a
zombie
...
put you into a shopping trolley and wheeled you into a basement. They got paid
according to how many patients they brought down. People were lying round at various
stagesof dying
......
Iended up ina trolley with anold boycalled George, whowasdead
...
.He
was leaning on me and there was unbearable heat
...
Before I knew it, a nurse came upon me.
She gave me the injection. There were people there with cloaks like an abbot, I couldn’t see
their faces. They were
...
families who would take your soul
...
They would envelop you
...
suck you up and move on
...
I jumped out and got away but ended up in a coffin in a chapel
of rest."
Other hallucinations were bizarre, but with persecutory elements, as in this quotation
from Kate:
"There were puffin birds jumping out of the curtains with toy guns, firing blood at me. I kept
wiping my face
...
There were loads of birds jumping on the next bed..laughing at each other.
Completely crazy. I was really scared. I didn’t say anything to anyone."
Discussion
These detailed interviews with intensive care survivors with significant PTSD symptoms
showed that they suffered from vivid, frequent, long-lived, distressing intrusive memories
626
Dorothy M. Wade et al.
Dorothy M. Wade et al.
or ‘flashbacks’ in which they relived the trauma of intensive care. This in-depth study
found that most patients’ intrusive memories were hallucinatory or delusional, and often
persecutory, while some had ‘factual’ memories of interaction with staff, the intensive
care environment, invasive medical procedures and equipment, and unpleasant physical
experiences. Others had ‘uncertain’ intrusive memories in which patients were unsure
whether frightening, horrifying events had really happened or no"ref: http://content.ebscohost.com/ContentServer.asp?EbscoContent=dGJyMNLe80Sep684yNfsOLCmr1CeprNSs6a4SK%2BWxWXS&ContentCustomer=dGJyMPGrtky2prZQuePfgeyx9Yvf5ucA&T=P&P=AN&S=L&D=pbh&K=108540642
"A Comparison Between Genders The Victorian asylum was a very gender divided operation and the two sexes were split up. Generally, the men's division was treated better than the women's; in some asylums' cases, the women were permitted to sleep in stables attached to the facility in unsanitary conditions. Women were also understood to not be as mentally stable as men because it was believed that they contained a lesser mental capacity. Women were expected to maintain a passive, withdrawn housewife attitude as too much mental activity such as schooling would improve her chances of developing sanity imperfections. Other groups, such as spinsters and lesbians, were concerning to society because of their alternative life choices and were therefore labelled as mentally unstable and sometimes even a threat. The belief was that not enough male interaction would cause side effects bordering on insanity. Treatment for Schizophrenia During the Victorian era, there was little to no understanding at all about schizophrenia. Scientific theories on causes and cures for schizophrenia were surfacing as opposed to the 15th century beliefs on witchcraft and demon possession. Although people recognized schizophrenia as a curable disease, most of the theories were still inaccurate and much of the time caused harm to the patients instead of helping them. Some examples of the early ideas of schizophrenia treatment included: giving patients doses of insulin until they retreated into a state of shock. The patients were then given cups of sugary tea to revive them. Doctors would go about this procedure due to their hypothesis on schizophrenia being caused by high/low blood sugar."
(sally tan)
ref: https://prezi.com/r2bguokfl0u2/asylums-and-treatments-of-mental-illness-in-the-victorian-era/
"Doctors treating the mentally ill were not called psychiatrists but were known as alienists, based on the belief that the self had become alienated from itself.
The term mad-doctor was also used irreverently."
ref: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-27148737
About Spicy Horse
The studio was established in 2007. It was called a studio "leading the way" in episodic games. It was the largest independent Western developer in China.
It is the first console game entirely designed and developed in China for export.
"Uncover the Root
Visit the grim reality of Victorian London and then travel to the beautiful yet ghastly Wonderland to uncover the root of Alice’s madness and discover the truth behind a deadly secret, kept hidden for years. "
See you later,
Eleonora
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